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Mohandas Gandhi went to South Africa to represent an Indian business in a court case there. In South Africa, he became involved in the fight for equal rights for Indians.

It was during this time that Gandhi developed his philosophy of non-violent resistance, called satyagraha, and published Hind Swaraj, a call for Indian self-rule.

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Fanfare

Opening Theme

Instrumental Oriental Music of India
By Michael Burkard. Used pursuant to a Creative Commons CC BY 3.0 license. Source.

Closing Theme 

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Except when otherwise indicated, the contents of this podcast are © and ℗ 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 by Mark Painter, all rights reserved. Some music and sound effects used by arrangement with Pond 5.

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By the beginning of the twentieth century, astronomers had a rough idea of the size and shape of our galaxy. Our solar system was believed to be located at or near the center.

Three decades later, after advances in astronomy, it was determined that our solar system is nowhere near the center of the galaxy. Far more surprising were the discoveries that our galaxy is only one of many such collections of stars, and that the Universe is expanding.

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Playlist:

Fanfare

Opening Theme

Four Pieces for Clarinet and Orchestra, No. 1
Composed in 1913 by Alban Berg. Public domain.
Performed by Carol McGonnell, clarinet; Steven Beck, piano. Used pursuant to a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 license. Source.

Closing Theme 

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Except when otherwise indicated, the contents of this podcast are © and ℗ 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 by Mark Painter, all rights reserved. Some music and sound effects used by arrangement with Pond 5. Car horn sound effect from Wikipedia user Magicallwiz and used pursuant to a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 3.0 license. Source.

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By the early twentieth century, a new generation of Indian nationalists was emerging, one more radical and less patient than its elders, who sought new ways to pressure the British for increased home rule, even outright independence.

Muslim Indians created their own association, the Muslim League, to rival the Hindu-dominated Indian National Congress. And a quiet barrister named Mohandas Gandhi traveled to South Africa on behalf of a client.

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Playlist:

Fanfare

Opening Theme

Eastern Musings

Closing Theme 

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Except when otherwise indicated, the contents of this podcast are © and ℗ 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 by Mark Painter, all rights reserved. Some music and sound effects used by arrangement with Pond 5.

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The United Kingdom was the wealthiest and most powerful nation on Earth for most of the 19th century.

The Industrial Revolution powered the British rise, but after other Western nations began to catch up, Britain’s unique ability to extract wealth from India kept it ahead of its competition for decades longer than would otherwise have been possible. But British supremacy came at a terrible cost to the people of India.

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Playlist:

Fanfare

Opening Theme

Raga Number One

Closing Theme 

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Except when otherwise indicated, the contents of this podcast are © and ℗ 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 by Mark Painter, all rights reserved. Some music and sound effects used by arrangement with Pond 5.